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Denotified Tribes
Denotified Tribes (DNTs), also known as ''Vimukta Jati'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】 List Of Vimukt Jatis (Denotifiedl Tribes) and Tapriwas Jatis )〕 are the tribes that were originally listed under the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871,〔(Year of Birth - 1871: Mahasweta Devi on India's Denotified Tribes ) by Mahasveta Devi. ''indiatogether.org.''〕 as "Criminal Tribes" and "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable offences." Once a tribe became "notified" as criminal, all its members were required to register with the local magistrate, failing which they would be charged with a "crime" under the Indian Penal Code. The Criminal Tribes Act of 1952 repealed the notification, i.e. 'de-notified' the tribal communities. This act, however, was replaced by a series of Habitual Offenders Acts, that asked police to investigate a "suspect's" "criminal tendencies" and whether his occupation is "conducive to settled way of life." The denotified tribes were reclassified as "habitual offenders" in 1959.
A De-notified -Tribes a perspective article written by Milind Bokil in this article author focus on problems of classification and enumeration which is very important element to understand approach towards nomads and criminal tribes. Questions around the problem of classification in within state and outside state changed according to their region therefore the purpose and benefits were not reaching to these tribes. 〔http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/2002_37/02/Denotified_and_Nomadic_Tribes.pdf〕
The name "Criminal Tribes" is itself a misnomer as no definition of tribe denotes occupation, but they were identified as tribes "performing" their primary occupation. The first census was in 1871 and at that time there was no consensus nor any definition of what constitutes a "tribe". The terms "tribe" and "caste" were used interchangeably for these communities.
==Call for repeal==
The UN's anti-discrimination body Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) asked India to repeal the Habitual Offenders Act (1952) and effectively rehabilitate the denotified and nomadic tribes on 9 March 2007.〔(Repeal the Habitual Offenders Act and affectively rehabilitate the denotified tribes, UN to India ) ''Asian Tribune'', Mon, 19 March 2007.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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